Health overview

The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus arose in the Americas region during a time when there were significant social disparities and it created harmful synergy with other epidemics that were already in existence.

There is a greater rate of mortality among those who live in places with larger concentrations of poverty, as well as among indigenous populations and people of African heritage, according to research that was conducted in a number of nations within the Region (12-15). As a consequence of the pandemic, there has been a decrease in life expectancy, as well as a simultaneous and synchronized impact on physical, mental, and social health (to a higher extent within social groups that are in vulnerable situations).

Since the first cases of COVID-19 were reported in the Region, there have been five waves of the epidemic that have been documented (figures 3.1 and 3.2). These waves will continue until August 31, 2022 respectively. In each wave, the disease exhibited varying degrees of virulence and fatality, which served as distinguishing characteristics. The most recent wave was brought under control as a result of vaccination coverage against COVID 19, which contributed to a considerable reduction in mortality (16,17).

In spite of having just 13% of the world’s population, the Americas Region has been one of the regions that has been affected the worst by the pandemic. Two-nine percent of confirmed cases and forty-four percent of deaths have occurred in this region. The Region has a total of 175,771,144 cases of COVID-19 as of the 31st of August, 2022, with 52% of those cases being women and 48% being men. In addition, although North America was responsible for 55% of all cases in the Americas Region, Latin America and the Caribbean were responsible for 62% of the total deaths that occurred (figures 4 and 5).

The North America sub-Region also experienced the highest proportion of deaths reported throughout the pandemic (Figure 7), with a total of 1,079,383 cumulative deaths reported as of August 31, 2022. This constitutes the highest number of deaths reported among all regions. Nevertheless, when the cumulative mortality rate per million inhabitants was compared, Brazil had the highest rate (3199), followed by the Andean area (2938) and the Southern Cone (2900). Brazil was the country with the highest rate.

Data from around the world that has been broken down by gender reveals that the number of confirmed cases is higher among females than it is among males (Figure 8). This is according to the World Health Organization (WHO). On the other hand, the situation is reversed when it comes to deaths: females account for 42 percent of the overall number of deaths, while males account for 58 percent (18,19).

According to the most current study from the World Health Organization (WHO) on the excess mortality caused by COVID-19, it is estimated that there was an excess mortality of 3.23 million fatalities in the Americas region, which is equivalent to 430,000 more deaths than were recorded (20). There was a concentration of 83.5% of the excess mortality in five countries: Brazil, Colombia, the United States of America, Mexico, and Peru. COVID 19 has emerged as a leading cause of death in the years 2020 and 2021 as a result of its exceedingly high mortality rate.

According to the data that is currently available on a global scale and broken down by age group, the total number of instances is disproportionately concentrated in the population that is between the ages of 20 and 50. As indicated in Figure 9, the population aged 70 and older is anticipated to account for 9.1% of the total cumulative cases in the Americas region. Furthermore, this age group is responsible for 51% of the deaths that have occurred collectively. To add insult to injury, the lethality of COVID-19 in the Region increases at an exponential rate with increasing age. There is little doubt that vaccination has decreased the risk of death in general, while the number of deaths that occur among the elderly continues to be higher.

A higher lethality of COVID 19 has been recorded in population groups that are in vulnerable conditions, including those who live in places with a higher concentration of people, according to research that were carried out in different countries within the Region. These studies were conducted in order to investigate the socio-economic disparities that exist. Both indigenous peoples and poverty are mentioned.

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